Egypt

__Values and Beliefs__

Ancient Egyptians beleived in gods and godesses. Religion was a very important value and was treated with most respect. They beleived that there should be a kingdom and a crown that bestowed on the great Pharoh, KING TUT .He was not just a king but the god of it all.Due to their beliefs pharohs held a great amount of wonderful powers. In addition to that all the preists in egypt were said to hold power, when everything was going well the egyptians thought it was because the pharoh was in great health and so was all the preist. Another important belief of them all is the idea of afterlife. The people thought that once you die you can come alive again in a different host. But this time not as a egyptian and live a different life. To become another welcomer to the afterlife you have to be preserved into a mummy. Being preserved into a mummy takes many steps and days. Step 1 Being dried out for several days. Step 2 Having all enternal organs torn out such as the Intestines, the Lungs and the Heart.Step 3 Ater all the organs are torn out they put organs in little bottles and save them for the tomb. Step 4 Again go through many days of drieing out until your crusty. Step 5 Being wrapped into gauze as we call but as they call it wrapping. If you are in great power or have lots of money then you will be able to have a tomb. Step 5 your coffin is made and your put into it. Step 6 Being stowed into your tomb with all your organs that were preserved and all your riches like gold. Back to the Gods and Goddeses, the people of egypt beleived that there was and is gods and goddeses in Egypt.They were the protectors of the land the ones who made sure everything was okay.

Image credit:http://tinyurl.com/3j4y5jn Image credit:**http://tinyurl.com/3lfm643** Image credit: http://tinyurl.com/3usakjs

__ Social Needs __ The social needs of the Ancient Egyptians were mainly dance, games, art, and sports. The Ancient Egyptians played mostly board games, the rules of the games were usually very complicated. for example some games considered a board with 30 holes, 3 rows and 10 columns. alot of the games used 7 pawns, sticks or knucklebones for each of the two players, but some only had 5. Just reading that you can see that the games were very complicated. No body knows exacly what the rules of the board games were, considering that most of them were found in the pharohs tombs. It was belived that they were placed there so the kings would not get bored in their afterlife. Most of the sports we play today were practiced by the Ancient Egyptians.The sports they played were Hockey, Handball, Gymlastics, Javelin Throw, Fishing, Boxing,Weightlifting, Equistrain sports, High Jump, Swimming, Boat Rowing, and Archery. we know most of these sports like the boxing and hockey, but if you dont know the other ones I will explain them. Javalin throw was when they cleaned and smoothed out the sand in a narrow 1-2 Kilometre length and tiles were placed on the smoothed out sand. they had spear like sticks that they would throw on the tiles and would try to get it to go as far as possible. skilled javalins could throw 2.5 kilometres. And the Equistrain sports were mainly races, and jumping on horseback. The Ancient Egyptians usually liked making works of art on their spare time, they would usually make wooden toys, wooden figurines, statues, and they would make hieroglyphics in stone and planks of wood. The Ancient Egyptians had a variaty of dances, some would just dance alone, with the music of an instrument,and others had religious dances for cerimonies and god offerings.

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This is a picture of the Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. Image credit:**http://tinyurl.com/666xwbd**

__ Physical Features and Climate __ The major charactoristics of Egypt include the Nile River and the Great Sphinx.A physical feature is something made naturally so the Nile river and egypt's beautiful deserts.The climate of egypt is very hot.Sometimes it can get up to 43 degrees celsius.Thats 115 degrees farenheit! The climate is mostly hot and dry all year round this is because Egypt is located in Africa near the Equator.The Nile is famous and is the **longest river in the world**. The river got its name from the Greek word Neilos, which means valley. The Nile floods the lands in Egypt, leaving behind black sediment. That's why the ancient Egyptians named the river **Ar**, meaning black. The Nile River is actually **6695 kilometers** (4184 miles) long. With such a long length, the Nile River is speculated to be the longest river in the world. The Amazon River runs a very close second, although it has been difficult to determine which is actually longer.The Nile River has played an extremely important role in the civilization, life and history of the Egyptian nation.The Egyptains lived in the desserts and valleys of the wonderful place. Living in the village was a very settle life you lived in your home with a bunch of other people surrounding raising animals.Living in the dessert is a whole other story, if you lived in the desserts you were most likely a slave.Life was the oppisite for desserts and villages in the mountains.The nile river is one of the most important artafacts in Egypt

Image credit **http://tinyurl.com/3fkl7eq**

__ Use of The Enviroment __ The Egyptians used the enviroment for building pyryimids on the dessert for **KING TUT,** his tomb was the biggest pyrymid there.The Eygyptians built other monuments for the gods and godesses like the Great Sphix statue above. Many Egyptians built the pyrimaids and monuments for King Tut. The people of egypt had crops of wheat, barley, vegetables, figs, melons, pomegranates and vines.The egptians had to wear the proper clothing and have the right food and water. They adapt to their land by staying there for a while and getting use to the hot sun and the fact that they don't have much food and they have to work a while for some food. As they adapt to their land they just get used to it and they actually like it even LOVE it!

There are four thingsEgyptians did to adapt to their hot and arid environment: 1) People might have slept on the roof on a hot night. 2) Thick mud-brick walls were good insulation against heat. 3) Roof vents allowed heat and smoke to escape. 4) Tiny windows, placed high and often barred with wood, kept out the heat, dust and flies.

__Clothing__ The ancient Egyptian Men and Women wore very cloth like clothes and wigs made out of human hair. The women cared about their appearance alot, to how their hair looked or what clothes they should wear, the women also cared alot about make-up like eyeliner and lip stick even men cared about make-up.Men and Women didn't wear just a big dirty cloth like other ancient Mediterranean civilizations, they wore a tunic that was made to fit them perfectly. Most of the poor people didn't have tunics but wore drapes. Children didn't wear clothes at young ages, when the children got older they started to wear clothes to cover up.

=__How they were governd__= The pharaoh was the supreme ruler. Egyptologists believe the people of Egypt considered the pharaoh to be half man/half God. However, the ancient belief in "The Divine Right of Kings" assumed that the first child born to the "supreme ruler" was ordained to be king by God because He had effectively determined the person who would be that child. This obviated the need to elect a head of state and is still one of the main reasons why many modern systems of government still use this idea today.The pharaoh owned all of Egypt, the land and all the people in it. Also, he could order farmers to build pyramids for him when they didn't work. He taxed everything.Pharaoh was still the supreme head, but directly under him ruled the two Viziers, of Upper and Lower Egypt, as well as the High Priest (s) of Amun.The High Priests of Amun, Ptah and Re were very influential in Egypt, none more so than the ones of Amun during the New Kingdom period. Temples acted as miniature central governments outside Memphis, and were in charge of the stores, maintenance of temple cults, upkeep of the gods, ceremonies, funerary rites and huge amounts of land, cattle grain and crops.



A diagram of the ancient egyptian goverment Image credit:
 * http://tinyurl.com/6xf6zzr**

__ Food __ The ancient egyptian's diet was mainly soup and bread. They made wheat into bread, soup, and porrages. They also added hops to make barley into beer, acually most people belived that the main point of barley was to make beer. The ancient egyptians also ate alot of meat, most egypians took a trip to the butcher shop to buy meat because most of the people dident have their oun livestock. Egyptians would not eat pork because pork was considered unclean. Only fourlegged animals with cloven hooves were eaten exept for pigs. It was belived that pigs carried a disease called leprosy. For dessert the ancient egyptians ate lots of dates. Image credit:**http://tinyurl.com/6xntqeo** This is a picture of egyptian cusine

=﻿Scientific and Technologic Advances= Many of our House hold tools were invented by Egyptians such as locks, keys, make-up, wigs, toothpaste and toothbrushes. Egyptians also created thigs outside the home was writing, this is why they had hiroglyphs. Though its not english writing still people wanted to learn how to do this. One of the most greatest inventions they had was speicail ways how to brew beer. The Egyptians made make-up by using soot and black coal, for lip gloss they used die from natural plants that provided a nice colour. The egyptians have a great role in our daily life by creating things we use everyday, such as the toothbrush like I told you about earlier it helps our mouths keep clean.